2º A BILINGÜE: CLASE DEL 5 DE MAYO DE 2020

Good morning everybody!

Yesterday, we were studing everything about Gothic art. Today, we are going to study or last chapter of the unit: 5. From the crises of the 14th century to the Early Modern Age. 

First of all, we are going to study the vocabulary. Listen to these words and copy them in your notebook: LISTENING

FAMINE: widespread hunger or shortage of food. (Hambruna).

SCHISM: split or division. (Cisma).

HUMANISM: intellectual movement that admired the Classical Age, considered human beings to be the centre of the universe and used reason to explain reality. (Humanismo: fue un movimiento cultural que tuvo lugar en el siglo XV fundamentalmente. Mientras que la Edad Media fue un periodo de teocentrismo, donde dios siempre estaba en el centro de todo, a partir del Humanismo es el ser humano el que se sitúa en el centro del universo. Una de sus grandes influencias fue el mundo clásico, la antigua Grecia y Roma. Podemos apreciar este cambio de mentalidad, por ejemplo, en el arte, que retoma muchos de los rasgos del mundo grecorromano). 

EARLY MODERN AGE: period of European history from the end of the 15th century to the year 1789. (Edad Moderna: periodo de la historia desde 1492 hasta 1789). 

As we have studied, from the 11th to the 13th centuries, we can find a period of prosperity for humanity: there were innovations in agriculture; people were healthier thanks to eat better; towns and cities reappeared; etc. 

However, History shows us a period of crises from the 14th to the 15th centuries. A part of the history when people had a lot of difficulties in too many aspects of life: 

1. A ECONOMIC CRISIS: due to a period of bad harvests, which caused terrible famine and therefore an increase in mortality. There was a period of bad weather that resulted in terrible problems in agriculture. Because of that, people could not eat as well as before. 

2. A SANITARY CRISIS: there were various epidemics. Among them, the worst was the Black Death, which caused the death of a third of Europe's population. This was a disease that was originated in Asia and arrived at Europe due to trade. The first place that was affected by the illness was Italy and, from there, it expanded to all Mediterranean. Later, people discovered that it came from the fleas that were in the rats. Here, you can see a photo of the doctors in the Middle Ages wearing special suits to try to help people affected by the disease: 

3. WARS: there were a lot of wars, such as the Hundred Years War between France and England in the 14th and 15th centuries. Also, we have to remark the Western Schism, an internal crisis in the Church between the 14th and 15th centuries too, when there were even three rival popes at the same time. The problem was resolved when Martin V was elected as the only pope. 

4. SOCIAL CONFLICTS: due to all these problems, journeymen, apprentices and peasants revolted against the high bourgeoisie and nobility. There were also an increase in the number of beggars and bandits.