2º A BILINGÜE: CLASE DEL 25 DE MAYO DE 2020
Good morning everybody!
Last week, we finished our classes studying how life was in Renaissance cities. Today, we are going to start chapter 3: Thought in the Early Modern Period. You can follow the lesson in pages 174 and 175 of your textbook.
3. THOUGHT IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD.
First of all, we are going to learn and listen to the vocabulary of this section: LISTENING
THEOCENTRISM: philosophical concept that considers God to be the central focus of all things. (Teocentrismo: lo hemos visto algunas veces ya en clase. Significa que Dios es el centro de todo, que la religión impregna cada aspecto de la vida, lo que ocurrió durante todo el periodo de la Edad Media).
SACRAMENT: ceremony begun by Jesus Christ, which, according to the Christian religion, has a particular effect on the soul of the person who receives it. (Sacramento: momentos en la vida de los cristianos en los que Jesucristo se manifiesta en el alma de la persona que lo recibe. Algunos sacramentos son la eucaristía, la comunión, el bautismo, etc.).
3.1. Humanism.
It was an intellectual movement, characterised by its admiration for the Classical Age (Greek and Roman cultures). Humanists considered that human beings were the centre of the universe, the culture, the art... Philosophers and intelectuals started to explain reality in a rational way. They rejected medieval theocentrism. The main humanists were Erasmus of Rotterdam and Thomas More.
3.2. Reformation and Counter-Reformation.
During the 16th century there were some religious movements that resulted in the division of Christianity:
- Protestant Reformation:
- It was initiated by the German monk Martin Luther, who rejected the pope's authority and criticised corruption insight the Church. He also argued that to gain salvation it was enough to have faith in Christ. Everybody are able to interpret the Bible freely, so that priests were not necessary. It is because of that, Martin Luther affirmed that there were only two sacraments: Baptism and Eucharist.
- Calvinism:
- It was created by John Calvin and calvinists believed in predestination. That means that everybody have a fate designed by God and God was the only one who could give human beings eternal condemnation or salvation.
- Anglicanism:
- In the year 1534, the king of England, Henry VIII, decided to split up with the Church due to he wanted to get divorced of his wife and the Chuch did not let him. This King rejected the pope¡s authority and proclaimed himself head of the Anglican Church. This historical fact has continued until nowdays: the Queen Elisabeth II of England is the head of the Anglican Church currently.
- Counter-Reformation:
In order to combat Protestantism, the Catholic Church underwent a process of reform. The Council of Trent (1542 - 1563) determined the measures that were to be taken and the principles were as follow:
1. It confirmed the authority of the pope.
2. It reaffirmed that good works were necessary to achieve eternal salvation.
3. Only Church authorities had the right to interpret the Bible.
4. There were seven sacraments.
5. It determined the steps to be taken to improve the training of priests and to make sure they carried out their duties.
Spain became the principal country that defended the Counter-Reformation. Also, the Society of Jesus, the religious order that was founded by Ignacio de Loyola, spread the ideas of the Counter-Reformation.
Now, please, watch this video and take three ideas that you consider the main important of it: